A Measurement of Sense of Community
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Sense of community (SOC) is one of the components or domains of community relationship in residential areas. The strength of community relationship believed to eliminate criminal activities at residential area. Hence, in the identification of SOC, it is crucial for the measurement dimension to ensure that the specified items are reliable to measure the dimension. The result shows all items of SOC achieved factor loadings of 0.62 to 0.94. The research discovered that the longer a respondent resides in a residential area, the higher the community ties they nurtured. However, this study found that age and gender do not influence community relationship.
Article Details
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Siti Rasidah Md Sakip, Noraini Johari, Aldrin Abdullah, Mohd Najib Mohd Salleh
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Austin, D. M., Furr, L. A., & Spine, M. (2002). The Effects of Neighbourhood Conditions on Perception of Safety. Journal of Criminal Justice, 30, 417-427.
Bernasco, W., & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2005). How do Residential Burglars Select Target Areas? A New Approach to the Analysis of Criminal Location Choice. Brit. J.Criminol(44), 296-315.
Blanchard, A. L. (2008). Testing a Model of Sense of Virtual Community. Computers in Human Behaviour, 24, 2107- 2123.
Clampet-Lundquist, S. (2010). "Everyone Had Your Back": Social Ties, Perceived Safety, and Public Housing Relocation. City & Community, 9(1), 87-108.
Fried, M. (1984). The Structure and Significance of Community Satisfaction. Popul. Environ., 7, 61-86.
Hair, J. F. J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis; A Global Perspective (7th Edition ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Jacobs, J. (1961). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House.
Ji Hyon Kang. (2011). Participation in the Community Social Control, the Neighbourhood Watch Groups: Individual and Neighbourhood Related Factors. Crime & Delinquency, 1-25.
Joreskog, K., & Sorbom, D. (1993). Lisrel 8: Structural Equation Modeling With The SIMPLIS Command Language. Chicago: Scientific Software International, Inc.
McCulloch, A. (2003). An Examination of Social Capital and Social Disorganisation in Neighbourhoods in the British Household Panel Study. Social Science & Medicine, 56(7), 1425-1438.
McMillan, D. W., & George, D. M. C. (1986). Sense of Community: A Definition and Theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 6-23.
Md Sakip, S.R., Abdullah. A., Salleh. M., M.N. (2012). Fear of Crime in Residential Area. Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies, 4 (11), 27-36.
Md Sakip, S.R (2012). Pencegahan Jenayah Melalui Rekabentuk Persekitaran dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Hubungan Komuniti, Perasaan Ingin Rasa Selamat dan Kebimbngan Terhadap Jenayah di Kawasan Kediaman Individu berpagar dan Individu Tidak Berpagar. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.
Nasar. Jack L & Julian. David A., (1995). The psychological sense of community in the neighbourhood. APA Journal, 178-184.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
O'Brien, D., & Ayidiya, S. (1991). Neighbourhood Community and Life Satisfaction. Journal Commun. Dev. Soc., 22, 21-37.
Onyx, J., & Bullen, P. (2000). Measuring Social Capital in Five Communities. Journal of Applied Behavioural Science, 36(1), 23-42.
Peterson, N. A., & Speer, P. W. (2000). Linking organizational characteristics to psychological empowerment: Contextual issues in empowerment theory. Administration in Social Work, 24, 39-58.
Perkins, D. D., Florin, P., Rich, R. C.,Wandersman, A., & Chavis, D. M. (1990). Participation and the social and physical environment of residential blocks: Crime and community context. American Journal of Community Psychology, 18(1), 83-115.
Rogers, G. O., & Sukolratanametee, S. (2009). Neighbourhood Design and Sense of Community: Comparing Suburban Neighbourhoods in Houstan Texas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 92(2009), 325-334.
Sarason, S. B. (1974). The psychological sense of community. San Francisco: Josey-Bass
Sellin, N., & Keeves, J. P. (1997). Path Analysis With Latent Variables. In J P Keeves (Ed.), Educational Research, Methdology and Measurement: An International Handbook Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Skjaeveland, O., Garling, T., & Maeland, J. G. (1996). A Multidimensional Measure of Neighbouring. Am. J. Commun. Psychol., 24(3), 413-435.
Talen, E. (1999). Sense of Community and Neighbourhood Form: An Assessment of the Social Doctrine of New Urbanism. Urban Studies, 36(8), 1361-1379.
Uzzell, D., Pol, E., & Badenas, D. (2002). Place Identification, Social Cohesion, and Environmental Sustainability. Environment and Behavior, 34(1), 26-53.
Villarreal, A., & Silva, B. F. A. (2006). Social Cohesion, Criminal Victimization and Perceived Risk of Crime in Brazilian Neighbourhoods. Social Forces, 84(3), 1725-1747.
Wood, L., Frank, L. D., & Giles-Corti, B. (2010). Sense of Community and its Relationship with Walking and Neighbourhood Design. Social Science & Medicine, 70, 1381-1390.