Effect of Spiritual Intelligence on Leadership Effectiveness and Food-hygiene Practices

Main Article Content

Mazni Saad
Toh Poh See
Mohamed Azam Mohamed Adil
Normalini Md Kassim

Abstract

This study suggests an effort through a Holistic View of spiritual intelligence to address low-quality food problem at public institutions in East Malaysia. It explored the causal relationship of this value to Food Performance, Leadership Effectiveness, and Food-Hygiene Practice through 210 food handlers. The Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the relationship. Holistic View was found to have a positively significant relationship with the performance but, not Leadership Effectiveness. Holistic View among food handlers was found unaffected by Food hygiene practices.

Article Details

How to Cite
Saad, M., See, T. P., Mohamed Adil, M. A., & Md Kassim, N. (2018). Effect of Spiritual Intelligence on Leadership Effectiveness and Food-hygiene Practices. Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies, 3(10), 76–85. https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v3i10.306

References

Ayranci, E. (2011). Effects of top Turkish managers' emotional and spiritual intelligences on their organizations' financial performance. Business Intelligence Journal, 4(1), 9-32.

Barrera, T. L., Zeno, D., Bush, A. L., Barber, C. R., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Treatment for Late-Life Anxiety: Three Case Studies. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19(2), 346-358. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.05.007

Bolton, D. J., Meally, A., Blair, I. S., McDowell, D. A., & Cowan, C. (2008). Food safety knowledge of head chefs and catering managers in Ireland. Food Control, 19, 291-300.

Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. In W. W. C. In V. Esposito Vinzi, J. Henseler, H. Wang (Ed.), Handbook of partial least squares: Concepts, methods and application (pp. 691-711). New York: Springer.

Croasmun, J. T., & Ostrom, L. (2011). Using Likert-type scales in the social sciences. Journal of Adult Education, 40(1), 19-22.

Dent, E. B., Higgins, M. E., & Wharff, D. M. (2005). Spirituality and leadership: an empirical review of definitions, distinctions, and embedded assumptions. The Leadership Quarterly, 16, 625-653.

Eliasi, J. R., & Dwyer, J. T. (2002). Kosher and Halal: religious observances affecting dietary intakes. Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 911-913.

Fornell, C., & Cha, J. (1994). Partial Least Squares. In P. R, Bagozzi (Ed.), Advanced Methods of Marketing Research (pp. 52-78). Oxford: Blackwell.

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.

Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 693-727.

George, M. (2006). Practical application of spiritual intelligence in the workplace. Human Resource management International Digest, 14(5), 3-5.

Gholami, R., Sulaiman, A. B., Ramayah, T., & Molla, A. (2013). Senior managers' perception on green information systems (IS) adoption and environmental performance: Results from a field survey. Information and Management, 50(7), 431-438.

Grunes, P., Gudmundsson, A., & Irmer, B. (2014). To what extent is the Mayer and Salovey (1997) model of emotional intelligence a useful predictor of leadership style and perceived leadership outcomes in Australian educational institutions? Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 42(1), 112-135.

Gupta, M., Kumar, V., & Singh, M. (2014). Creating satisfied employees through workplace spirituality: a study of a private insurance sector in Punjab (India). Journal Business Ethics, 122, 79-88.

Joseph F. Hair, J., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Los Angeles. London. New Delphi. Singapore. Washington DC: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Kadkhoda, M., & Jahani, H. (2012). Problem-solving capacities of spiritual intelligence for artificial intelligence. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 32(0), 170-175. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.01.027

Kleynhans, H. C. (2003). Leisure tourists' satisfaction regarding their meal experience at Lesedi Cultural Village. (Master in Consumer Science), University of Pretoria, Pretoria. (etd-02252004-092144)

Kumar, S., & Bhasin, A. (2014). The relationship between spirituality and workplace emotional intelligence: implications for individuals in organizations. International Journal of Management and Social Science Research Review, 1(3), 47-55.

Lewis, G. J., Ritchie, S. J., & Bates, T. C. (2011). The relationship between intelligence and multiple domains of religious belief: Evidence from a large adult US sample. Intelligence, 39(6), 468-472. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2011.08.002

Magnusson, D., & Torestad, B. (1993). A holistic view of personality: a model revisited. Annu. Rev. Psychol., 44, 452.

Mazni, S., Toh, P. S., Mohamed Azam, M. A., & Siti Khadijah, A. M. (2014, 2-3 September 2013). Perceived leadership effectiveness on food handlers' spiritual intelligence in food service business. Paper presented at the Hospitality and Tourism Postgraduate Conference 2013, Shah Alam, Malaysia.

Mazni, S., Toh, P. S., Mohd Faiz Foong, A., & Norazmir, M. N. (2013). Use of rapid microbial kits for regular monitoring of food-contact surfaces towards hygiene practices. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 105, 273-283.

McAdamis, E. M. (2011). Astrosociology and the Capacity of Major World Religions to Contextualize the Possibility of Life Beyond Earth. Physics Procedia, 20(0), 338-352. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2011.08.031

Mortell, M., Balkhy, H. H., Tannous, E. B., & Jong, M. T. (2013). Physician 'defiance' towards hand hygiene compliance: Is there a theory practice-ethics gap? Journal Saudi Heart Association 25, 203-208.

Ramayah, T., Lee, J. W. C., & Boey, C. I. (2011). Network collaboration and performance in the tourism sector. Service Business, 5(4), 411 - 428.

Ramayah, T., Yeap, J. A. L., & Ignatius, J. (2013). An empirical inquiry on knowledge sharing among academicians in higher learning institutions. Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy, 51(2), 131-154.

Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J.-M. (2014). SmartPls 3.0. Retrieved 23 October 2014, from http:/www.smartpls.com

Ronay, R., & Carney, D. R. (2013). Testosterone's negative relationship with empathic accuracy and perceived leadership ability. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4(1), 92-99.

Rostami, A. M., & Gol, H. C. (2014). Prediction of Marital Satisfaction based on Spiritual Intelligence. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116(0), 2573-2577. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.613

Sang, S., Lee, J. D., & Lee, J. (2010). E-government adoption in Cambodia: A partial least squares approach. Transforming government: People, process and policy, 4(2), 138-157.

Vayalilkarottu, J. (2012). Holistic health and well-being: A psycho-spiritual/religious and theological perspective. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 5(4), 347-350. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2012.09.010

Yukl, G. (2008). How leaders influence organizational effectiveness. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(6), 708-722. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.09.008

Zohar, D., & Marshall, I. (2001). Spiritual Intelligence the Ultimate Intelligence. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.